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Jones v Persons Unknown & Ors [2025] EWHC 977 (Comm) (29 April 2025)

Source: Open mirrored case · Original bailii.org

Sanctions — Geo ✓

Executive Summary

  • The case concerns Mr. Gary Jones’ claim against unknown defendants and Huobi Global Limited for deceit and unjust enrichment involving 89.61616088 Bitcoin (BTC).
  • Summary judgment was granted to Mr. Jones, recognizing Huobi as constructive trustee of the BTC held in a specific exchange wallet.
  • Kyrrex Limited, a third party incorporated in St Vincent and the Grenadines, seeks to set aside this judgment and requests security for costs.
  • The court examined whether Kyrrex qualifies as a claimant for security for costs purposes under new CPR rules effective April 2025.
  • Precedents from the Privy Council and English courts were analyzed to determine the nature of Kyrrex’s application and its implications for security for costs.

Sanctions Highlights

  • — (No sanctions implications identified in the case text.)

Emerging Risks

  • Potential loss or misappropriation of cryptocurrency assets due to third-party control of exchange wallets (Huobi’s removal of 98 BTC without Kyrrex’s consent).
  • Jurisdictional challenges arising from companies incorporated in offshore locations (St Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles).
  • Legal uncertainty over procedural status of applications to set aside judgments, affecting cost liabilities and litigation strategy.

Geopolitical Impact

  • The case is adjudicated in the UK’s Commercial Court, reflecting the UK’s role as a key jurisdiction for complex cryptocurrency disputes.
  • Offshore entities (Kyrrex and Huobi) registered in Seychelles and St Vincent and the Grenadines highlight ongoing challenges in regulating cross-border crypto exchanges.
  • UK courts’ evolving procedural rules (CPR 25.26–25.28) demonstrate adaptation to emerging fintech litigation complexities.

Economic Intelligence

  • The dispute involves nearly 90 BTC, representing significant value and highlighting risks in crypto asset custody and recovery.
  • Huobi’s unilateral transfer of BTC raises concerns about asset security on third-party exchanges.
  • The case underscores the financial exposure of claimants and defendants in crypto litigation, with potential cost recovery issues due to offshore company structures.

Strategic Recommendations

  • Litigants should conduct thorough due diligence on wallet ownership and control in crypto asset disputes.
  • Legal teams must monitor evolving UK procedural rules impacting security for costs applications, especially involving offshore entities.
  • Parties should prepare for jurisdictional complexities and potential asset recovery challenges in cross-border cryptocurrency cases.
  • Consider proactive engagement with exchanges to secure frozen assets and prevent unauthorized transfers.
  • Counsel should leverage precedent cases (e.g., GFN SA v Bancredit, In re Dalnyaya Step) to anticipate court interpretations on interlocutory applications and cost liabilities.

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**Source Notes:**

Sanctions Intelligence Digest, England and Wales High Court (Commercial Court) Decisions, [https://empyreanprotocol.com/litigation/view/www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2025/977.html](https://empyreanprotocol.com/litigation/view/www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2025/977.html)

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